Introduction to the Wildebeest Migration
The Great Wildebeest Migration is one of the most spectacular wildlife events in the world, often referred to as the “Greatest Show on Earth.” Every year, over 1.5 million wildebeest, along with hundreds of thousands of zebras and gazelles, embark on a circular journey across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in search of fresh grazing and water.
The migration is a natural wonder, offering unforgettable safari experiences as the herds move across the plains, facing predators, river crossings, and harsh terrains. Tanzania is the best place to witness this migration, as the largest part of the journey occurs within Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area.
Key Phases of the Wildebeest Migration
1. Calving Season (January – March) – Southern Serengeti & Ndutu Plains
- The migration begins in the Southern Serengeti, particularly in the Ndutu region, which is part of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area.
- This is the time when over 500,000 wildebeest calves are born within a few weeks.
- Predators, such as lions, cheetahs, hyenas, and leopards, take advantage of the vulnerable young.
- Best Place to See This: Ndutu Plains & Southern Serengeti.
2. Moving North (April – June) – Central & Western Serengeti
- The herds start moving north towards the Grumeti River, passing through the Seronera (Central Serengeti) region.
- The landscape is lush and green, making it an excellent time for photography.
- The first major challenge: The Grumeti River Crossing, where huge crocodiles wait for their prey.
- Best Place to See This: Central Serengeti & Western Corridor (Grumeti River).
3. The Iconic Mara River Crossing (July – October) – Northern Serengeti
- This is the most dramatic and famous phase of the migration, where thousands of wildebeest brave the deadly Mara River.
- Many wildebeest drown, fall victim to hungry crocodiles, or get separated from their herds.
- Predators such as lions and leopards wait near the riverbanks, making this an intense survival battle.
- Best Place to See This: Northern Serengeti (Kogatende & Lamai Wedge).
4. Return to Serengeti (November – December) – Southern Migration Begins Again
- As the rains return, the herds start moving back south from the Masai Mara (Kenya) to Serengeti.
- By December, they have reached the Southern Serengeti, where they prepare for the next calving season.
- Best Place to See This: Central & Southern Serengeti.
Best Places to Witness the Wildebeest Migration in Tanzania
1. Serengeti National Park
- The heart of the Great Migration, covering vast grasslands and woodlands.
- Home to large predator populations including lions, cheetahs, leopards, and hyenas.
2. Ngorongoro Conservation Area (Ndutu Plains)
- A key calving ground for the wildebeest herds.
- Great opportunities for big cat sightings as they hunt young wildebeest.
3. Grumeti River (Western Serengeti)
- The first major river crossing challenge for the migrating herds.
- Huge Nile crocodiles lie in wait to ambush wildebeest.
4. Mara River (Northern Serengeti)
- The most famous river crossing, offering thrilling wildlife action.
- The best time to visit is from July to October.
Best Time to Visit Tanzania for the Migration
- January – March: Best for witnessing the calving season in Ndutu (Southern Serengeti).
- April – June: Best for seeing herds on the move through Central & Western Serengeti.
- July – October: Best for the Mara River crossings in Northern Serengeti.
- November – December: Best for seeing the herds return south.
Tribes Around the Migration Areas
1. Maasai Tribe (Serengeti & Ngorongoro)
- Known for: Their warrior culture, red shukas, and nomadic lifestyle.
- Tourist Experience: Visit Maasai villages to learn about their traditional way of life.
2. Hadzabe Tribe (Lake Eyasi, near Serengeti)
- Known for: Being one of Africa’s last hunter-gatherer tribes.
- Tourist Experience: Join them on a traditional hunting trip.
3. Datoga Tribe (Lake Eyasi)
- Known for: Their blacksmithing and cattle herding traditions.
- Tourist Experience: Watch them craft weapons and jewelry.
Information and Facts About the Wildebeest Migration
1. General Facts
- Total Distance Traveled: Over 1,800 km (1,100 miles) per year.
- Number of Wildebeest: 1.5 – 2 million.
- Other Animals in the Migration: Hundreds of thousands of zebras and gazelles.
- Predators Following the Herds: Lions, cheetahs, leopards, hyenas, crocodiles.
- Speed of Wildebeest: Can run up to 80 km/h (50 mph) when escaping predators.
2. Interesting Wildebeest Migration Facts
- Each wildebeest calf can run within minutes of being born.
- Over 250,000 wildebeest die during the migration due to predators and river crossings.
- Zebras and wildebeest migrate together because zebras have better memory for routes, while wildebeest can sense water sources.
- The Mara River crossings are not scheduled—the wildebeest gather and cross when they feel safe.
Best Hotels & Lodges for Watching the Wildebeest Migration
Luxury Lodges & Camps
- Serengeti Migration Camp – Located in Northern Serengeti, perfect for the Mara River crossing.
- Lemala Ndutu Camp – Best for calving season in Ndutu.
- Singita Mara River Tented Camp – A luxury safari experience near the river crossings.
Mid-Range Lodges
- Serengeti Sopa Lodge – Great for year-round wildlife viewing.
- Kati Kati Tented Camp – A mobile camp that follows the migration.
Budget & Camping Options
- Nyani Campsite – A great budget-friendly option in Serengeti.
- Seronera Public Campsite – Located in Central Serengeti, good for seeing the migration.